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Pauli Exclusion Principle
The Pauli Exclusion Principle is a rule that applies to particles called fermions, such as electrons. It says that no two identical fermions can be in the same quantum state at the same time.

This may sound technical, but it’s actually why atoms have structure! In an atom, electrons arrange themselves into different energy levels or “shells” because they can’t all crowd into the same one. That’s why chemistry works, and why matter has shape and stability.
Without this principle, all the electrons in an atom would collapse into the lowest energy level, and we wouldn’t have the rich variety of elements and molecules we see today.
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